Fundamental and application of aerobic granulation technology for wastewater treatment(12)
Density and strength
The specific gravity of aerobic granules typically ranges from 1.004 to 1.065 (Etterer and Wilderer, 2001; Tay et al.,
2001a). The granules with a high physical strength withstand high abrasion and shear. The physical strengths of
aerobic and anaerobic granules are comparable. Aerobic granules with smaller sizes tend to be more compact
compared to larger aerobic granules (Toh et al., 2003; Yang et al., 2004a).
Specific oxygen utilization rate
Microbial activity of microorganisms is characterized by the specific oxygen utilization rate (SOUR). A very wide
range of SOUR values for aerobic granules have been reported (Morgenroth et al., 1997; Tay et al., 2001b; Yang et
al., 2003b; Zhu and Wilderer, 2003). The biochemical reactions associated with bacterial metabolism show in an
approximately linear relationship between oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production: that is, relatively less
cell mass is produced at high oxygen utilization as the metabolism is faster and more of the substrate is converted to
carbon dioxide. The microbial activity represented by SOUR is inversely related to the hydraulic selection pressure
in terms of the settling time (Qin et al., 2004). SOUR is an important characteristic for assessing the ability of
aerobic granules to handle high-strength industrial wastewaters.
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