Fundamental and application of aerobic granulation technology for wastewater treatment(5)
Organic loading rate
Loading rates are important operational parameters in conventional activated sludge processes. Studies on biofilm
have demonstrated that the structure of biofilm was closely related with organic loading rate (OLR) (Liu et al.,
2007). In the formation of anaerobic granules, organic loading rate is one of the most critical factors. Increased
organic loading rates enhance the formation of anaerobic granules in UASB systems. However, aerobic granule can
form across a very wide range of organic loading rates from 2.5 to 15 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m3 day
(Moy et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2003a). Tay et al. (2004) reported that it was difficult to form granules with organic
loading rates lower than 2 kg COD m−3 day−1. The study about effects of organic loading rates on the formation and
stability of granules showed that the lower organic loading rates resulted in slower formation of granules and took
longer time to reach the steady state. Even though the formation of aerobic granule is not significantly affected by
organic loading rate, the physical characteristics such as the mean size of aerobic granules depend on the organic
loading rate. Liu et al. (2003a) reported that the mean size of aerobic granules was increased with increase of
organic loading rate. An increased organic loading rate can enhance the biomass growth rate, therefore the weakness
of the three-dimensional structure of the microbial community can occur (Liu et al., 2003c).
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