Fundamental and application of aerobic granulation technology for wastewater treatment(6)
Hydrodynamic shear force
The formation of aerobic granules and granule stability was improved at a high shear force (Shin et al., 1992; Tay et
al., 2001a). Low shear stress on the granules was discussed as one of the most important factors influence the
formation of aerobic granules. Higher local shear forces in the SBR resulted in more dense granules with a smaller
diameter (De Kreuk and van Loosdrecht, 2006). Tay et al. (2001a) operated four parallel SBRs with increasing
aeration rates, showing that granules formed only in reactors with a superficial gas velocity greater than 1.2 cm sec–1.
More regular, rounder, and compact aerobic granules were developed at high hydrodynamic shear force. It was
reported that the production of extracellular polysaccharides was closely associated with the shear force and the
stability of aerobic granules was found to be related to the production of extracellular polysaccharides (Tay et al.,
2001c). Since extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a major component of cell flocs and biofilms, they are
hypothesized to play a dominant role in all types of biofilm formations, including flocculation and granulation. The
aerobic granules had higher cell surface hydrophobicity than the seed sludge. The cell surface hydrophobicity was
positively related to an increase of the extracellular protein content in sludge EPS. Some researchers have suggested
polysaccharides in EPS played a major role in the formation of these microbial aggregates. The enhanced production
of extracellular polysaccharides at high shear can contribute to the compact and stronger structure of aerobic
granules. Zhang et al. (2007) reported that the extracellular protein may play a most important role in controlling the
formation and stability of aerobic granules. Many studies have reported that the extracellular protein was more
abundant than polysaccharides and even predominated in EPS preparations from several sources. The presence of
protein in the extracellular fraction suggests it may play a major in the granulation. In addition, since protein has a
high content of negatively charged amino acids, protein is more involved than sugars in electrostatic bonds with
multivalent cations, a key factor in stabilizing aggregate structure.
- 2024-06-08 > Exhibition Invitation |ACHEMA 2024, Germany
- 2019-06-15 > P-MECH CHINA 2019 YIBU BOOTH NO: N3B10a
- 2019-04-15 > YIBU will attend the 57th CIPM Exhibition held in Changsha in Hunan province
- 2018-12-28 > Actived carbon particle mesh belt dryer made for Ingrevity
- 2018-03-10 > big spin flash dryer and spray dryer delivery to pakistan and Italy customer on time
- 2017-12-29 > two sets high speed centrifugal spray dryers and three sets of drum dryre delivered to Indonesia
- 2017-08-24 > one set of LPG-100 spray dryer is delivered to America
- 2017-08-24 > Five layers mesh belt dryer is sucessfully delivered to Manila(Philippines)
- 2017-04-05 > Exhibition interpack 2017 in Dusseldorf In Germany
- 2016-11-23 > The 18th International Exhibition in Moscow